Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Mono- and co-infections of primary porcine respiratory cells with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis are not affected by the dermonecrotic toxin

doi: 10.1128/iai.00366-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pro-inflammatory cytokine response toward B. bronchiseptica and S. suis mono- and co-infection of ALI cultures and PCLS. ( A ) ALI cultures and ( B ) PCLS were pre-infected with B. bronchiseptica WT and B. bronchiseptica Δ dnt , respectively, for 24 h. Subsequently, ALI cultures and PCLS were infected with S. suis strain 10 for up to 48 h. Gene expression levels of IL1α , IL-6 , CXCL8 , and TNF-α were analyzed at t 24 (24 h post co-infection) by RT-qPCR and normalized to the expression of GAPDH, and relative fold differences were calculated compared to non-infected cells. ( C ) Cytokine levels in the supernatant of uninfected (control) and infected PCLS were quantified at t 24 using ELISA. The median of 3–4 independent experiments is shown. Significant differences between WT and Δ dnt as well as between S. suis mono-infection and co-infection were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (* P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The level of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, CXCL8, and TNF-α in the supernatant of infected PCLS was measured using porcine DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Cat. No. DY680, DY686, DY535, and DY690B) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cellular Oncology

Article Title: Targeting senescence-like tumor-associated macrophages sensitizes chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1007/s13402-026-01197-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Senescence-like TAMs are induced upon chemotherapy in vivo. (A) CD163⁺ TAMs were isolated from human breast cancer tissue obtained via needle biopsy (pre-treatment) and surgical resection (post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Isolated TAMs underwent proteomic profiling using LC-MS/MS. The dataset is downloaded from the PRIDE repository under accession PXD022673. (B) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of proteomic data highlights significantly altered biological functions in TAMs following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (C) GSEA reveals significant upregulation of cellular senescence signatures in TAMs isolated from ADM-treated orthotopic 4T1 tumors, compared to PBS-treated controls. The dataset is downloaded from the PRIDE repository under accession PXD022674. (D) IF analysis of p16 + F4/80 + and p21 + F4/80 + TAMs isolated from treatment-naïve and ADM-treated tumors ( n = 5). Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Real-time qPCR analysis of senescence-related genes ( Cdkn2a , Cdkn1a , and Trp53 ) in TAMs isolated from treatment-naïve and ADM-treated tumors ( n = 5). (F) Western blotting analysis of senescence markers (p16 and p21) in TAMs isolated from treatment-naïve and ADM-treated tumors ( n = 5). (G) ELISA quantification of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers (IL-1α, IL-6, CXCL1, TNF-α) in conditioned media from TAMs isolated from orthotopic 4T1 tumors treated with control or ADM ( n = 5). For statistical analyses, an unpaired two-tailed t-test was used. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1α and CXCL-1 were measured with ELISA kits from R&D Systems (cat. MLA00 and MKC00B), and mouse IL-6 and TNF-α were measured with ELISA kits from Invitrogen (cat. 88-7064-22 and 88-7324-22).

Techniques: In Vivo, Isolation, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cellular Oncology

Article Title: Targeting senescence-like tumor-associated macrophages sensitizes chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1007/s13402-026-01197-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-6, a key factor of SASP, mediates chemoresistance in TNBC. (A) Viability of 4T1 tumor cells treated for 48 h with conditioned medium (CM) from TAMs isolated from PBS- or ADM-treated orthotopic 4T1 tumors, with/without neutralizing antibodies against SASP factors (IL-1α, IL-6, CXCL1, and TNF-α). Viability measured by CCK-8 assay (OD 450 nm). (B) CCK-8 assay showing the viability of 4T1 tumor cells upon treatment of recombinant IL-6 for 48 h. (C) ELISA analysis of IL-6 levels in TEC, CAF, or TAMs isolated from treatment-naïve or ADM-treated tumors ( n = 5). (D) Schematic model showing ADM and anti-IL-6 in the 4T1 orthotopic tumor model. (E) Tumor growth curves and tumor biopsies following administration of PBS, ADM, anti-IL-6, and ADM + anti-IL-6 combination therapy ( n = 5 mice per group). (F) Real-time qPCR analysis of drug resistance- and stemness-associated genes ( Abcb1 , Abcc1 , Cd44 , Aldh1a1 , and Prom1 ) in 4T1 cells with indicated treatments; tocilizumab at 10 µg/ml and Stattic at 5 µM. For statistical analyses, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons ( B ), unpaired two-tailed t-test ( D ) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test ( E ) was used. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1α and CXCL-1 were measured with ELISA kits from R&D Systems (cat. MLA00 and MKC00B), and mouse IL-6 and TNF-α were measured with ELISA kits from Invitrogen (cat. 88-7064-22 and 88-7324-22).

Techniques: Isolation, CCK-8 Assay, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Bitter gourd peptides (BG) alleviate lupus progression in mice through regulation of miR-146a/BRD4 axis in macrophages

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1666212

Figure Lengend Snippet: BG treatment alleviated lupus in mice. (A) proteinuria, (B) antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (C) creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in serum of mice in each group. (D) Skin lesions of mice in each group. (E) Serum concentrations of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β measured in each group. (F) Size and weight of spleen and lymph nodes in each group of mice. (G) H&E histology of kidney and spleen of mice in each group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns, no statistical significance.

Article Snippet: The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells (THP-1 cells) was detected using human TNF-α ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00154), human IL-6 ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00139) and human IL-1β-ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00021).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Bitter gourd peptides (BG) alleviate lupus progression in mice through regulation of miR-146a/BRD4 axis in macrophages

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1666212

Figure Lengend Snippet: BG inhibits macrophage inflammatory response through induction of miR-146a. (A) ELISA used to detect inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatants of THP-1 cell (THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells) cultures. (B) Expression of miR-146a in kidney/spleen of mice in each group. (C) Expression of miR-146a in THP-1 cells (THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells) after treatment in each group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells (THP-1 cells) was detected using human TNF-α ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00154), human IL-6 ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00139) and human IL-1β-ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00021).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Derivative Assay, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Bitter gourd peptides (BG) alleviate lupus progression in mice through regulation of miR-146a/BRD4 axis in macrophages

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1666212

Figure Lengend Snippet: BG decreases inflammation of primary splenocytes of lupus mice. (A) Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of primary splenocyte culture. (B) Levels of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibody in the supernatant of primary splenocyte culture. (C) Expression of miR-146a in the supernatant of cultured primary splenocytes. (D) Expression of BRD4/LC3B/SQSTM1 in primary splenocytes. (E) Number of autophagosomes in primary spleen cells detected by transmission electron microscopy. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells (THP-1 cells) was detected using human TNF-α ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00154), human IL-6 ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00139) and human IL-1β-ELISA kit (Proteintech, KE00021).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy